Piston ring



April 30,1935. v. F. ZAHODIAKIN I 1,999,494 PISTON RING Original Filed May 1, 1953 J INVENTOR I a VQWM ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 30, 1935 1,999,494

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEv Application May 1, 1933, Serial No. 668,713 Renewed February 9, 1935 2 Olaima. (Cl. 309-43) This invention relates to internal combustion Figure 8 is a fragmentary sectional view taken engines and is particularly directed to improvethrough a portion of acylinder and piston, illusments in oil regulating and compression rings trating a further modification of the piston ring. conventionally used with the pistons of the en- Figure 9 is a side elevation of the piston ring gine for providing a sealing fitbetween the nisof Figure 8. 5 ton and the cylinder wall. Figure 10 is a sectional view taken on line The average piston generally includes three Ill-l0, Figure 9. piston rings mountedinrespective grooves, these Figure 11 is a fragmentary sectional view rings being for the purpose of expanding outshowing a still further modified piston ring.

10 wardly and engaging the cylinder wall, whereby Figure 12 is a side elevation of the piston ring 10 compression of gas above the cylinder is possiof Figure 11. ble and the oil being distributed below the pis- Figure .13 is a sectional view taken on line ton cannot enter the combustion chamber by way l3 -l 3, Figure 12. of the cylinder bore. It is of paramount im- For the purpose of an understanding of the 15 portance that a positive seal and a positive conimproved piston ring, a typical environment is 15 trol of oil be established so that leakage of oil. illustrated in Figure 1 consisting of a cylinder into the combustion chamber will not occur to IE and piston IS. The piston I6 is of hollow cause fouling of plugs, oil losses and other undedesign and has, in the particular case, three pissirable results which are well known in the art. ton ring grooves l1 and piston rings in the re- It is the object of this invention to provide an spective grooves. Two of the piston rings, name 20 improved oil regulating piston ring for more efly i8, 18, are compression rings as illustrated, ficiently controlling and directing the oil diswhereas the other ring I! is designed for regutributed on the cylinder bore wall preventing lation of the oil. escape of oil into the combustion chamber and The improved piston ring i9 is split in the coninsuring positive returnof the excess oil from ventional fashion for flexibility radially and for 25 the cylinder wall back into the crank case. insertion in the groove. Its outer periphery in- It is a further object of this invention to procludes a circumferential groove or slot 20, this vide an improved one-piece oil regulating piston groove being inclined downwardly inwardly as ring which provides for positive removal of the disp'osedin position of use. A series of circular excess oil from the cylinder wall for either digrooves II are cut in the inner periphery of the 30 rection of movement of the piston and which diring substantially at right angles to and interrects this excess oil under considerable force secting the groove, communication thus being through the oil discharge passageways of the provided between the outer and inner peripheries ring for flushing the same. of the ring.

Other objects and further advantages will be Therefore, the excess oil is free to drain through 35 more fully apparent from a description of the the ring into the portion of the groove 11 in back; accompanying drawing, in which: of the ring and thence downwardly through a Figure 1 is a fragmentary sectional view of a series of inclined ports 22 in the piston to the inportion of a cylinder and piston illustrating the terior of the piston and thence to the crank case;

improved piston ring of this invention incorpor- The circumferential groove or slot provides-for 40 ated therein. uniform reception of the excess oil and the quan- Figure 2 is a side elevation of the improved tity of excess oil delivered into this groove is piston ring showing it removed from the piston. quickly drained of! through the series of grooves Figure 3 is a sectional view taken on line 3-3, described.

Figure 2, detailing the arrangement of oil pas- In the modification shown in Figures 5 to '7 in- 45 sageways in the ring. clusive, a solid ring is provided including teeth Figure 4 is a plan view of the piston ring. 23 on its upper and lower sides, these teeth being Figure 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken spaced sufllciently to provide ample clearance for through a portion of a cylinder and piston illusoil flow above and below the ring to the oil draintrating amodifled form of the piston ring of this age'openings 22 in the bottom of the groove. 50

invention. The teeth are of a length less than the width of Figure 6 is a side view'oi the modified ring of the ring and circumferential clearance is left Figure 5. v around the ring on its upper and lower sidesto- Figure 7 is a sectional view taken on line 1-1, ward the outer periphery thereof for receiving the Figure 6. oil from the cylinder bore. 55

The outer periphery of the ring is widened or flared providing relatively sharp circumferential edges! which act to scrape the excess. oil from the cylinder in both directions of movement of the piston. The oil scraped 01! is delivered across the top and bottom surfaces of the ring between the teeth at considerable pressure due to the rapidity of reciprocation oi the piston and constantly maintains these surfaces free of carbon and debris for continued eiilcient operation of the ring. In Figures 11 to 13 inclusive the teeth 23 are only provided on the bottom oi. the ring.

The modification shown in Figures 8 to 10 inclusive includes a solid split ring 25 and a split expander and spacer ring 26. The ring 26 is angular in cross section with the angle facing outwardly. The cylindrical flange 21 of this ring is solid whereas the base flange 28 is notched as at 29. The piston ring 16 rests within the angle of the ring 2i and upon the flange 28 thereof. Since the notches 29 extend through the bend of the angular ring, the oil passes through the notches under the ring 25 to the rear of the piston groove for drainage.-

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. A piston ring, comprising, a split annulus, and a split expander ring, said expander ring being angular in cross section with the angle tacing outwardly and the split annulus disposed in said angle and resting on the lower flange and the lower flange having cross notches therein extending through the bend of the angle, wherebymay pass between the split annulus and the piston groove wall, and said piston having oil drainage passageways extending irom the bottom of the groove to the interior of the piston.

VICTOR F. ZAHODIAKIN. 

